Espanol-Ingles : Mensaje: RE: [Espanol-Ingles] Resumen número 553

Laura,

What is the link to that chat room Dimeo in Spanish_

-----Original Message-----
From: Laura [mailto:la_24@...]
Sent: Wednesday, February 02, 2005 3:20 PM
To: Espanol-Ingles@...
Subject: Re: [Espanol-Ingles] Resumen número 553

Hi Sue. I live in England and my spanish mostly comes from seeing too but the Internet is a real blessing as there is the facility to listen to people speaking in spanish chatrooms etc. There's a good yahoo chat called- Dimelo_in_Spanish. Anyone know it? I don't have a microphone to speak in yet but the people are good enough to let me listen :) Saludos. Laura ps-this is a great group for practicing spanish too. ----- Original Message ----- From: <Espanol-Ingles@...> To: <Espanol-Ingles@...> Sent: Tuesday, February 01, 2005 10:47 PM Subject: [Espanol-Ingles] Resumen número 553 Hay 9 mensajes en este resumen. Temas de este resumen: 1. Re: para Lynn en S .C. De: "sarah25208" <sarah25208@...> 2. Re: para Lynn en S .C. De: "sarah25208" <sarah25208@...> 3. Re: Re: para Lynn en S .C. De: Raul_E <rauler@...> 4. Re: to Daniela De: Dania Turcanu <dania_turcanu@...> 5. Re: Re: para Lynn en S .C. De: CLHW@... 6. Re: para Lynn en S .C. De: CLHW@... 7. Re: Re: para Lynn en S .C. De: Raul_E <rauler@...> 8. Documento - Remember to use accents De: Espanol-Ingles 9. Documento - Typing with Accents De: Espanol-Ingles ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mensaje: 1 Fecha: Mon, 31 Jan 2005 20:27:57 -0000 De: "sarah25208" <sarah25208@...> Asunto: Re: para Lynn en S .C. Hi Raul "I am afraid he is coming" is probably what you need to say. Or another possibility is "I am afraid of what will happen if he comes." Or: "The fact that he is coming frightens me." "The fact that he is coming worries me." "His coming worries me." "Worry" is less intense than "frighten." Your English is excellent considering that you don't have too many ways of hearing it. Thanks so much for your corrections! Never be hesitant about correcting me! Sometimes my fingers and my brain aren't on the same team, and I just make unintentional typos, as in I "meant" to say "estén" and "congelados." I even looked up the gender of "cable" but in the end made a typo! But my Spanish comes mostly from "seeing" and not from "hearing," so I am handicapped in that respect. My dictionary gets a work-out!!! Thanks again, Sue -- En Espanol-Ingles@..., Raul_E <rauler@g...> escribió: > Hola sarah25208, > > Sue, hope and fear use subjunctive, "que no estén > congelados". In general you can use "que + <verb>" as a > guideline. At school we had to conjugate the subjunctive > with a "que" in front of the pronoun: > > que yo esté > que tú estés > que él/ella esté > que nosotros estemos > que vosotros estéis > que ellos estén > > etc... > > A question: I want to say "temo que venga" in English, but > "I fear that he comes" doesn't "sound" nice to me. Is it > at least correct English ? > > > ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mensaje: 2 Fecha: Mon, 31 Jan 2005 21:07:44 -0000 De: "sarah25208" <sarah25208@...> Asunto: Re: para Lynn en S .C. "I fear his coming" is another way of saying it, but this sounds like something out of a Shakespearean play! Another one of my excuses for my mistakes is that I always handwrite what I am going to type, and then I can't read my own handwriting! I know, "Excuses, excuses...." To answer your question, "I fear that he comes" to me is not used, unless you are going to follow it by saying something like, "I fear that he comes for the wrong reasons." By itself, it sounds odd. Take care! Sue --- En Espanol-Ingles@..., "sarah25208" <sarah25208@y...> escribió: > > > Hi Raul > > "I am afraid he is coming" is probably what you need to say. Or > another possibility is "I am afraid of what will happen if he comes." > Or: "The fact that he is coming frightens me." "The fact that he is > coming worries me." "His coming worries me." "Worry" is less intense > than "frighten." > > Your English is excellent considering that you don't have too many > ways of hearing it. > > Thanks so much for your corrections! Never be hesitant about > correcting me! Sometimes my fingers and my brain aren't on the same > team, and I just make unintentional typos, as in I "meant" to say > "estén" and "congelados." I even looked up the gender of "cable" but > in the end made a typo! > > But my Spanish comes mostly from "seeing" and not from "hearing," so I > am handicapped in that respect. My dictionary gets a work-out!!! > > Thanks again, > > Sue > > > > -- En Espanol-Ingles@..., Raul_E <rauler@g...> escribió: > > Hola sarah25208, > > > > Sue, hope and fear use subjunctive, "que no estén > > congelados". In general you can use "que + <verb>" as a > > guideline. At school we had to conjugate the subjunctive > > with a "que" in front of the pronoun: > > > > que yo esté > > que tú estés > > que él/ella esté > > que nosotros estemos > > que vosotros estéis > > que ellos estén > > > > etc... > > > > A question: I want to say "temo que venga" in English, but > > "I fear that he comes" doesn't "sound" nice to me. Is it > > at least correct English ? > > > > > > ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mensaje: 3 Fecha: Mon, 31 Jan 2005 19:22:50 -0300 De: Raul_E <rauler@...> Asunto: Re: Re: para Lynn en S .C. Hola sarah25208, s> "I am afraid he is coming" is probably what you need to say. Yesssss ! I don't need to say it, and I'm glad I don't need to say it, but one has to translate things as they come. Besides it is interesting. In most European languages there is something different with the expression of fear, mistrust or the like, beginning with Latin and Greek. My Latin teacher at the U won his title with a thesis on fear sentences in Latin. -- Saludos, Raul_E mailto:rauler@... ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mensaje: 4 Fecha: Tue, 1 Feb 2005 12:03:35 +0000 (GMT) De: Dania Turcanu <dania_turcanu@...> Asunto: Re: to Daniela Hello Sarah, Yes I enjoy living in UK even though I miss the summer weather in my country. I like the winters here though even if sometimes there are wet days but it's better than snow storms or half a meter of snow in the street (as it is now in Bucharest)....after which frost is coming then defrost and flood! Temperatures can go below 0 up to -13/-15 degrees celcius....I used to hate winters back home...now I am happier! I like the people, I have very good friends. My husband family adopted me as a definite member and they respect and love me...I feel quite protected now.The staff in the school I am working in is great, very helpful and lovely...I am not as stressed as before when I was living in my country, I have a social life...I don't have to work extra hours to earn some more money so that I could live decently (I was a teacher of English and after school hours I had to teach privately up to 10 pm and Sundays/Saturdays from 8 am to 6-7 pm). I love my life now...I miss my family back home, but my sister is coming to visit me on 14th of february then in the summer I will bring mom here...Me and my husband will go there in summer at the seaside and for Christmas I will bring to UK my mom, my sister and my niece...so it's not too bad! Best wishes, Daniela. sarah25208 <sarah25208@...> wrote: Hello Daniela Thank you so much for your generous answers to my questions. I have never had a negative view of Romania--only sympathy for the history and the fact that your nation fell under communism. Romania is so far away from the US. It is hard to even imagine life in countries that lie at such a distance. But now with the internet, pictures can be found, and we have the wonderful miracle of being able to communicate with citizens, such as yourself, from many countries. Having studied "education" in my university I was required to study American History, and previously,in the public schools, my education about the world was very limited. As I find time now, a little here and there, I try to learn a thimble full of information about the history of the world. There is so much to know! Recently, I have concentrated on only Spanish speaking countries, since as yourself, I need to soon teach Spanish. I started with our neighbor, Mexico, and now I am studying the history of Spain. Next comes Argentina, and others will follow. Do you enjoy living in UK? My ancestors, as far as I know, came from all the countries of UK and Ireland, Germany, and France. My husband is part native American. the best to you, Sue > > I could talk a lot about it...any questions please ask. > > Your friend, > > Daniela > > > Cancelar suscripción / Unsubscribe: Espanol-Ingles-unsubscribe@... Portuguese, French, Spanish, Italian Learning Links: http://www.lordoftheringsproducts.com/languages.html --------------------------------- Enlaces de Yahoo! Grupos Para visitar el sitio web del grupo, andá a: http://ar.groups.yahoo.com/group/Espanol-Ingles/ Para cancelar tu suscripción a este grupo, enviá un mensaje a: Espanol-Ingles-unsubscribe@... El uso de Yahoo! Grupos está sujeto a las Condiciones del servicio de Yahoo!. --------------------------------- ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun! [Este mensaje contenía archivos adjuntos] ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mensaje: 5 Fecha: Tue, 01 Feb 2005 10:25:39 -0500 De: CLHW@... Asunto: Re: Re: para Lynn en S .C. The instructions I remember from my high school and college Spanish courses [many years ago] were that the subjunctive is primarily used in situations where the expressed hope/fear is contrary to the actual situation. This is also where subjunctive is used in English. In Spanish, using "Ojalá qué...." would be followed by the verb in subjunctive mood. The same in English "If only I were younger." So, did your teacher say that fear is usually an unreasonable reaction which is not supported by reality? Like a person who is afraid of lightning because they might be struck by it but in reality they are not likely to be hit? Aren't most cases where fear is involved contrary to fact? But what about cases where the fear is reasonable. Like a person having a weapon aimed at them. Their fear of the weapon is reasonable. Would Spanish also use subjunctive for this? I'm having a lot of difficulty discussing this in my own language! I can see why it would be a concept difficult to understand in a language which is not native to you! Lynn Raul said: >Besides it is interesting. In most European languages there >is something different with the expression of fear, mistrust >or the like, beginning with Latin and Greek. My Latin >teacher at the U won his title with a thesis on fear >sentences in Latin. > >-- >Saludos, > Raul_E mailto:rauler@... ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mensaje: 6 Fecha: Tue, 01 Feb 2005 10:25:37 -0500 De: CLHW@... Asunto: Re: para Lynn en S .C. Thanks, Sue. I've been so busy I didn't even read this until today (Tuesday morning). On Friday night, the ice started and continued all day Saturday and until Sunday morning. It was very fine and did not build up at first. Then, when it started sticking, it turned everything white. We did not see a flake of snow. Saturday night and Sunday, tree limbs started falling. We had one very large one fall right next to our house, landing on my clothes line. My husband rolled the branch off the line but the wires stretched and need repair. Other than that, we had no damage done that we've found so far. There were widespread power outages in the next county over but not in our county. We had to consider opening a shelter for people with no heat. However, the power companies were able to restore power before dark Saturday night. There was only one case of law enforcement taking an elderly woman to the hospital to warm her up. The nurses gave her hot tea, soup, and a blanket, but she was not in bad enough shape to admit her. When the power was restored at her house, someone took her home. Today everything is wet and the weather forecast says we will have snow tonight. Thanks for asking. Lynn >Hola Lynn > >øCÛmo est·is? Espero que vuestos cables de alta tensiÛn no estÈn >congeladas. øTenÈis electricidad? > >How are you? I hope your power lines aren't iced over. Do you have >electricity? > >un abrazo, > >Sue > > > > > > > > > >--------------------------------- >Do you Yahoo!? > The all-new My Yahoo! ñ Get yours free! > ><html><body> > > > ><DIV> ><BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; >BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid"><TT>Hola Lynn øCÛmo est·is?  >Espero que vuestos cables de alta tensiÛn no estÈn congeladas. øTenÈis >electricidad? How are you?  I hope your power lines aren't >iced over. Do you have electricity? un >abrazo, Sue </TT> <TT></TT></BLOCKQUOTE></ >DIV> > <hr size=1>Do you Yahoo!? >The <a href="http://my.yahoo.com">all-new My Yahoo!</a> ñ Get yours free! > > > > > ><tt> >Cancelar suscripciÛn / Unsubscribe: > >Espanol-Ingles-unsubscribe@... > >Portuguese, French, Spanish, Italian  Learning Links: ><a >href="http://www.lordoftheringsproducts.com/languages.html">http://www.lord >oftheringsproducts.com/languages.html</a> ></tt> > > > > > > > ><tt><hr width="500"> >Enlaces de Yahoo! Grupos ><ul> ><li>Para visitar el sitio web del grupo, and· a: <a >href="http://ar.groups.yahoo.com/group/Espanol-Ingles/">http://ar.groups.ya >hoo.com/group/Espanol-Ingles/</a>   ><li>Para cancelar tu suscripciÛn a este grupo, envi· un mensaje a: <a >href="mailto:Espanol-Ingles-unsubscribe@...?subject=Unsubscr >ibe">Espanol-Ingles-unsubscribe@...</a>   ><li>El uso de Yahoo! Grupos est· sujeto a las <a >href="http://ar.docs.yahoo.com/info/utos.html">Condiciones del servicio de >Yahoo!</a>. ></ul> ></tt> > > > > > ></body></html> ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mensaje: 7 Fecha: Tue, 1 Feb 2005 16:08:56 -0300 De: Raul_E <rauler@...> Asunto: Re: Re: para Lynn en S .C. Hola CLHW, It is only natural that we have difficulties talking about this, it is a very subtle matter. I have a rather extensive discussion of the Spanish subjunctive written by two ladies I knew at the U (they were doctoring with my teacher of Greek, a philologist) and I see that every time a Grammar specialist sets a bottom line (as "subjunctive expresses DESIRE"), another specialist comes and finds the fifth leg of the cat. Anyway, judging from their own conclusions, it seems that you have a very accurate idea of the matter. CIN> where the expressed hope/fear is contrary to the CIN> actual situation. This is CIN> also where subjunctive is used in English. They quote a scholar (Tovar) that says : "... es el _modus irrealis_." and a second ( Bassols de Climent) that says that it expresses (as the Latin subjunctive) "...two fundamental ideas: volition and desire. From those derive the other shades of meaning (1) that can be expressed with this mode (possibility, unreality, command (2),prohibition,etc)." This second scholar also points out that as the original subjunctive was capable of so many meanings that it became unpractical and was replaced in early times by phrases. The following example shows this event from Latin to Spanish: Latin : "Timeo ut veniat" Spanish : "Temo que no venga" (Note the "que" that introduces a subordinate phrase) English (Sue's version negated) :"I am afraid he isn't coming" He adds that subjunctive persisted in subordinate clauses and that from a syntactical point of view this is its main function "...to characterize the subordinate clauses in opposition to the main clauses.." and that the tendency is that the syntactical function prevails over the semantic function (its expression of desire, unreality, fear, doubt, etc.). A symptom of this is the way of teaching the subjunctive, always stressing the subordination by means of the conjunction "que" ("que yo venga, que tu vengas, etc). (1) shades of meaning = matices, matiz = nuance (?) (2) command = mandato CIN> So, did your teacher say that fear is usually an unreasonable reaction CIN> which is not supported by reality? CIN> Like a person who is afraid of lightning because CIN> they might be struck by it CIN> but in reality they are not likely to be hit? CIN> Aren't most cases where fear is involved contrary to fact? Fear is a primitive reaction, needed for survival. Your association with the sense of subjunctive (the "modus irrealis") is a very subtle and interesting insight. CIN> But what about cases where the fear is CIN> reasonable. Like a person having a CIN> weapon aimed at them. Their fear of the weapon is CIN> reasonable. Would Spanish CIN> also use subjunctive for this? Yes, because there is no other way of expressing it, and no matter what you perceive in the situation, fear is always a mental state. As seen before, doubt, caution, fear, etc and related mental states need the subjunctive as their proper mode, and remember that _possibility_ is also in part a mental state : "Es posible que la pistola esté cargada" (It is possible that the pistol is loaded). Do you have a dog ? My niece has a beautiful Kuvasz bitch (big white hungarian watchdogs) and she _knows_ when a visitor is afraid of her, and also when the owners of the house dislike somebody. Invariably she tries to approach that person and barks at him/her. I think fear is also a bodily function as primitive as weariness or hunger and it shows to animals very clearly by odor or gestures they understand. -- Saludos, Raul_E mailto:rauler@... ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mensaje: 8 Fecha: 1 Feb 2005 19:41:46 -0000 De: Espanol-Ingles Asunto: Documento - Remember to use accents Dear valued member(s), Please remember to use accents. How to Type Accented Characters We strongly recommend that you learn how to type these characters on your computer. For most of you, typing accented characters will be very easy. Windows 3.x Windows 95, 98 and beyond Windows XP Mac Window Users - general information You have two basic options: type in cryptic codes or set up your keyboard differently. Typing in cryptic codes is cumbersome and frustrating. Usually, setting up your keyboard is the best way to go. Setting up your keyboard actually means re-configuring your system so that it is easy to use your keyboard to create accented characters. "Re-configuring your system" may sound ominous, but it is really quite simple. Windows 3.11 Close all of your programs. Shut your system down. Re-start your system. Click on the "Control Panel" icon. Click on the "Keyboard" icon. For Keyboard Layout choose "International - US" from the menu. You may be required to insert one of your Windows diskettes or CD-ROM. When finished, shut down your system. Restart your system. Read the instructions for "Using the U.S. - International Keyboard" below. Window 95-98 and beyond Close all of your programs. Shut your system down. Re-start your system. Open Control Panel. (Start - Settings - Control Panel) Double-click "Keyboard" icon. Click on "Language" tab. Click on "Properties" button. Choose "United States - International" from the menu. Click on "OK" button. You may be required to insert your Windows CD-ROM. When finished, shut down your system. Restart your system. Read the instructions for "Using the U.S. - International Keyboard" below. Windows XP Log On Click the Start button Click on Control Panel Click Regional and Language Options - a new window will pop up Click the Languages tab Click on the Details button Click the Add button - a new window will pop up Select United States-International (keyboard layout menu) Click OK Click Apply Read the instructions for "Using the U.S. - International Keyboard" below. Note: You will now have a keyboard icon on the taskbar (usually on the right side). To switch between keyboard layouts click the keyboard icon on the task bar and choose which layout you want to use. Changing the keyboard layout will only affect the log on profile used. No other users will be affected. Using the U.S. - International Keyboard If you followed the above directions carefully, your keyboard will now react slightly differently than it did before. First of all, notice that if you strike the single apostrophe (') key, nothing happens. To type the single apostrophe now, you must strike the single apostrophe key and then strike the space bar. When you strike the spacebar, the apostrophe will appear. The next thing to note is that the quotes (") key behaves the same way as the apostrophe key. You must first strike the quotes key and then strike the space bar in order to create the (") symbol. These two minor inconveniences are more than made up for by the ease with which you can now type the special characters. To type the special characters, two keystrokes are required. To type the á, you need only strike the apostrophe key and then the letter a. The other characters are just as easy: á = ' + a é = ' + e í = ' + i ó = ' + o ú = ' + u ñ = ~ + n ü = " + u To type the special punctuation characters, you need to hold down on the Alt key while you strike the appropriate punctuation mark. On some keyboards, only one of the two Alt keys will work for this. ¡ = Alt (hold down) + ! ¿ = Alt (hold down) + ? Using Cryptic Codes If, for some reason, you don't want to change your keyboard, you can always type in the troublesome cryptic codes. Using this arcane system, the following codes apply: á = Alt + 0225 é = Alt + 0233 í = Alt + 0237 ó = Alt + 0243 ú = Alt + 0250 ñ = Alt + 0241 ü = Alt + 0252 ¡ = Alt + 0161 ¿ Alt + 0191 When using this utterly out-dated system, there are two important things to remember. First, when you type in the numbers, some keyboards require that you use the "numeric keypad" located to the side, rather than the numbers along the top. Second, on some keyboards, only one of the two Alt keys will work for this. Mac Users To get accents on the Mac, hold down the Option key, and while holding it down, type the letter e; then release those keys and type the letter that you want the accent to appear on: á = Opt + e, then a é = Opt + e, then e í = Opt + e, then i ó = Opt + e, then o ú = Opt + e, then u For the ñ, hold down the Option key while you type the n; release and type n again. ñ = Opt + n, then n To place the diaeresis over the u, hold down the Option key while pressing the u key; release and type u again. ü = Opt + u, then u The inverted punctuation marks are achieved as follows: ¡ = Opt + 1 ¿ Opt + shift + ? Below you will find a list of alt key codes. Alt key codes are great if you like to code by hand and can save a lot of time once you memorize a few. Hold down the alt key and use the number pad on the far right of your keyboard to type out the 4-character code. When you release the alt key, the character will appear. Example: Alt-0169 = © or Alt-0174 = ® or Alt-0153 = T Alt-0128 ? Alt-0252 ü Alt-0129 Alt-0130 , Alt-0131 f Alt-0132 " Alt-0253 ý Alt-0133 . Alt-0134 ? Alt-0135 ? Alt-0136 ^ Alt-0254 þ Alt-0137 ? Alt-0138 S Alt-0139 < Alt-0140 O Alt-0255 ÿ Alt-0141 Alt-0142 Z Alt-0143 Alt-0144 Alt-0248 ø Alt-0145 ' Alt-0146 ' Alt-0147 " Alt-0148 " Alt-0249 ù Alt-0149 . Alt-0150 - Alt-0151 - Alt-0152 ~ Alt-0250 ú Alt-0153 T Alt-0154 s Alt-0155 > Alt-0156 o Alt-0251 û Alt-0157 Alt-0158 z Alt-0159 Y Alt-0160 Alt-0244 ô Alt-0161 ¡ Alt-0162 ¢ Alt-0163 £ Alt-0164 ¤ Alt-0245 õ Alt-0165 ¥ Alt-0166 ¦ Alt-0167 § Alt-0168 ¨ Alt-0246 ö Alt-0169 © Alt-0170 ª Alt-0171 « Alt-0172 ¬ Alt-0247 ÷ Alt-0173 Alt-0174 ® Alt-0175 ¯ Alt-0176 ° Alt-0240 ð Alt-0177 ± Alt-0178 ² Alt-0179 ³ Alt-0180 ´ Alt-0241 ñ Alt-0181 µ Alt-0182 ¶ Alt-0183 · Alt-0184 ¸ Alt-0242 ò Alt-0185 ¹ Alt-0186 º Alt-0187 » Alt-0188 ¼ Alt-0243 ó Alt-0189 ½ Alt-0190 ¾ Alt-0191 ¿ Alt-0192 À Alt-0236 ì Alt-0193 Á Alt-0194 Â Alt-0195 Ã Alt-0196 Ä Alt-0237 í Alt-0197 Å Alt-0198 Æ Alt-0199 Ç Alt-0200 È Alt-0238 î Alt-0201 É Alt-0202 Ê Alt-0203 Ë Alt-0204 Ì Alt-0239 ï Alt-0205 Í Alt-0206 Î Alt-0207 Ï Alt-0208 Ð Alt-0232 è Alt-0209 Ñ Alt-0210 Ò Alt-0211 Ó Alt-0212 Ô Alt-0233 é Alt-0213 Õ Alt-0214 Ö Alt-0215 × Alt-0216 Ø Alt-0234 ê Alt-0217 Ù Alt-0218 Ú Alt-0219 Û Alt-0220 Ü Alt-0235 ë Alt-0221 Ý Alt-0222 Þ Alt-0223 ß Alt-0224 à Alt-0231 ç Alt-0225 á Alt-0226 â Alt-0227 ã Alt-0228 ä Alt-0230 æ Alt-0229 å ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mensaje: 9 Fecha: 1 Feb 2005 19:41:46 -0000 De: Espanol-Ingles Asunto: Documento - Typing with Accents Dear valued member(s), Please remember to use accents. Computing with accents, symbols & foriegn scripts: In the URL it is for Portuguese, but these settings have everything you need for spanish. I use these settings for Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and French. "http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/international/bylanguage/portuguese.html " "http://www.youngbloods.org/portuguese/typeportwin.html" How to Type Accented Characters We strongly recommend that you learn how to type these characters on your computer. For most of you, typing accented characters will be very easy. Windows 3.x Windows 95, 98 and beyond Windows XP Mac Window Users - general information You have two basic options: type in cryptic codes or set up your keyboard differently. Typing in cryptic codes is cumbersome and frustrating. Usually, setting up your keyboard is the best way to go. Setting up your keyboard actually means re-configuring your system so that it is easy to use your keyboard to create accented characters. "Re-configuring your system" may sound ominous, but it is really quite simple. Windows 3.11 Close all of your programs. Shut your system down. Re-start your system. Click on the "Control Panel" icon. Click on the "Keyboard" icon. For Keyboard Layout choose "International - US" from the menu. You may be required to insert one of your Windows diskettes or CD-ROM. When finished, shut down your system. Restart your system. Read the instructions for "Using the U.S. - International Keyboard" below. Window 95-98 and beyond Close all of your programs. Shut your system down. Re-start your system. Open Control Panel. (Start - Settings - Control Panel) Double-click "Keyboard" icon. Click on "Language" tab. Click on "Properties" button. Choose "United States - International" from the menu. Click on "OK" button. You may be required to insert your Windows CD-ROM. When finished, shut down your system. Restart your system. Read the instructions for "Using the U.S. - International Keyboard" below. Windows XP Log On Click the Start button Click on Control Panel Click Regional and Language Options - a new window will pop up Click the Languages tab Click on the Details button Click the Add button - a new window will pop up Select United States-International (keyboard layout menu) Click OK Click Apply Read the instructions for "Using the U.S. - International Keyboard" below. Note: You will now have a keyboard icon on the taskbar (usually on the right side). To switch between keyboard layouts click the keyboard icon on the task bar and choose which layout you want to use. Changing the keyboard layout will only affect the log on profile used. No other users will be affected. Using the U.S. - International Keyboard If you followed the above directions carefully, your keyboard will now react slightly differently than it did before. First of all, notice that if you strike the single apostrophe (') key, nothing happens. To type the single apostrophe now, you must strike the single apostrophe key and then strike the space bar. When you strike the spacebar, the apostrophe will appear. The next thing to note is that the quotes (") key behaves the same way as the apostrophe key. You must first strike the quotes key and then strike the space bar in order to create the (") symbol. These two minor inconveniences are more than made up for by the ease with which you can now type the special characters. To type the special characters, two keystrokes are required. To type the á, you need only strike the apostrophe key and then the letter a. The other characters are just as easy: á = ' + a é = ' + e í = ' + i ó = ' + o ú = ' + u ñ = ~ + n ü = " + u To type the special punctuation characters, you need to hold down on the Alt key while you strike the appropriate punctuation mark. On some keyboards, only one of the two Alt keys will work for this. ¡ = Alt (hold down) + ! ¿ = Alt (hold down) + ? Using Cryptic Codes If, for some reason, you don't want to change your keyboard, you can always type in the troublesome cryptic codes. Using this arcane system, the following codes apply: á = Alt + 0225 é = Alt + 0233 í = Alt + 0237 ó = Alt + 0243 ú = Alt + 0250 ñ = Alt + 0241 ü = Alt + 0252 ¡ = Alt + 0161 ¿ Alt + 0191 When using this utterly out-dated system, there are two important things to remember. First, when you type in the numbers, some keyboards require that you use the "numeric keypad" located to the side, rather than the numbers along the top. Second, on some keyboards, only one of the two Alt keys will work for this. Mac Users To get accents on the Mac, hold down the Option key, and while holding it down, type the letter e; then release those keys and type the letter that you want the accent to appear on: á = Opt + e, then a é = Opt + e, then e í = Opt + e, then i ó = Opt + e, then o ú = Opt + e, then u For the ñ, hold down the Option key while you type the n; release and type n again. ñ = Opt + n, then n To place the diaeresis over the u, hold down the Option key while pressing the u key; release and type u again. ü = Opt + u, then u The inverted punctuation marks are achieved as follows: ¡ = Opt + 1 ¿ Opt + shift + ? Below you will find a list of alt key codes. Alt key codes are great if you like to code by hand and can save a lot of time once you memorize a few. Hold down the alt key and use the number pad on the far right of your keyboard to type out the 4-character code. When you release the alt key, the character will appear. Example: Alt-0169 = © or Alt-0174 = ® or Alt-0153 = T Alt-0128 ? Alt-0252 ü Alt-0129 Alt-0130 , Alt-0131 f Alt-0132 " Alt-0253 ý Alt-0133 . Alt-0134 ? Alt-0135 ? Alt-0136 ^ Alt-0254 þ Alt-0137 ? Alt-0138 S Alt-0139 < Alt-0140 O Alt-0255 ÿ Alt-0141 Alt-0142 Z Alt-0143 Alt-0144 Alt-0248 ø Alt-0145 ' Alt-0146 ' Alt-0147 " Alt-0148 " Alt-0249 ù Alt-0149 . Alt-0150 - Alt-0151 - Alt-0152 ~ Alt-0250 ú Alt-0153 T Alt-0154 s Alt-0155 > Alt-0156 o Alt-0251 û Alt-0157 Alt-0158 z Alt-0159 Y Alt-0160 Alt-0244 ô Alt-0161 ¡ Alt-0162 ¢ Alt-0163 £ Alt-0164 ¤ Alt-0245 õ Alt-0165 ¥ Alt-0166 ¦ Alt-0167 § Alt-0168 ¨ Alt-0246 ö Alt-0169 © Alt-0170 ª Alt-0171 « Alt-0172 ¬ Alt-0247 ÷ Alt-0173 Alt-0174 ® Alt-0175 ¯ Alt-0176 ° Alt-0240 ð Alt-0177 ± Alt-0178 ² Alt-0179 ³ Alt-0180 ´ Alt-0241 ñ Alt-0181 µ Alt-0182 ¶ Alt-0183 · Alt-0184 ¸ Alt-0242 ò Alt-0185 ¹ Alt-0186 º Alt-0187 » Alt-0188 ¼ Alt-0243 ó Alt-0189 ½ Alt-0190 ¾ Alt-0191 ¿ Alt-0192 À Alt-0236 ì Alt-0193 Á Alt-0194 Â Alt-0195 Ã Alt-0196 Ä Alt-0237 í Alt-0197 Å Alt-0198 Æ Alt-0199 Ç Alt-0200 È Alt-0238 î Alt-0201 É Alt-0202 Ê Alt-0203 Ë Alt-0204 Ì Alt-0239 ï Alt-0205 Í Alt-0206 Î Alt-0207 Ï Alt-0208 Ð Alt-0232 è Alt-0209 Ñ Alt-0210 Ò Alt-0211 Ó Alt-0212 Ô Alt-0233 é Alt-0213 Õ Alt-0214 Ö Alt-0215 × Alt-0216 Ø Alt-0234 ê Alt-0217 Ù Alt-0218 Ú Alt-0219 Û Alt-0220 Ü Alt-0235 ë Alt-0221 Ý Alt-0222 Þ Alt-0223 ß Alt-0224 à Alt-0231 ç Alt-0225 á Alt-0226 â Alt-0227 ã Alt-0228 ä Alt-0230 æ Alt-0229 å ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Cancelar suscripción / Unsubscribe: Espanol-Ingles-unsubscribe@... 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